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(a) The government: This option refers to executive branches and administrative bodies that implement and enforce laws and policies. While the government is involved in air quality management, the passage specifically highlights judicial pronouncements rather than governmental declarations.
(b) The courts: This option is correct. The passage explicitly mentions that many judicial pronouncements have upheld the "right to clean air" as a corollary to the fundamental right to life, indicating that the courts have endorsed this right.
(c) The media: This option refers to news outlets, journalists, and other information dissemination platforms. Although the media can raise awareness about air pollution and advocate for clean air, the passage does not indicate that the media has a formal role in endorsing the right to clean air.
(d) Parliament: This option refers to the legislative branch responsible for making laws. While Parliament can pass legislation related to air quality, the passage does not mention any legislative endorsement of the right to clean air; instead, it focuses on judicial endorsements.