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(a) It is always indicative of an imagined danger rather than a real one.
This option is incorrect because the passage mentions that anxiety can be problematic if the danger is imagined or exaggerated, but it does not state that it is always indicative of an imagined danger. Anxiety disorders can also arise from real dangers that are perceived as more severe than they actually are.
(b) It is characterized by a persistent and exaggerated perception of danger.
This option is correct because the passage states that anxiety becomes problematic "if the perceived danger is out of proportion to the real danger, and it is persistent and disabling." This description aligns with the idea of a persistent and exaggerated perception of danger.
(c) It occurs when the perceived danger is proportionate to the real danger.
This option is incorrect because the passage indicates that anxiety is problematic when the perceived danger is out of proportion to the real danger, not when it is proportionate.
(d) It primarily arises from genetic factors rather than environmental influences.
This option is incorrect because the passage discusses both genetic and environmental factors, such as pollution, physical and psychological stress, and diet, as contributing to anxiety disorders. It does not state that anxiety disorders primarily arise from genetic factors.