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(a) To create confusion: This option is unlikely because the writer's presentation is straightforward and clear. The passage provides specific information about air pollution levels in New Delhi and other Indian cities, backed by data from IQAir. There is no indication that the writer aims to mislead or confuse the reader.
(b) To be critical: This option best describes the writer's intention. The passage critically examines the issue of air pollution in India, using specific data to highlight the severity of the problem. The writer points out the failure of existing measures, like the introduction of CNG and the Graded Response Action Plan, to significantly improve air quality. By suggesting that governments must rely on science, promote behavioral changes, and treat clean air as a common public good, the writer's intention is to critique current efforts and advocate for more effective solutions.
(c) To be negative: While the information about air pollution is indeed negative, the writer's overall approach is not solely to highlight the negativity. Instead, the writer focuses on presenting the seriousness of the situation and the inadequacy of current measures. The passage also offers constructive solutions, indicating that the intention is not merely to be negative but to drive awareness and change.
(d) To be judgmental: The writer does not express personal opinions or moral judgments. The tone remains factual and analytical, with a focus on data and the need for systematic changes. By emphasizing the importance of seeing clean air as a public good and the need for coordinated efforts, the writer avoids a judgmental stance and instead promotes a collective responsibility.