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The 'Indian Ocean world', as described in the passage relates to the interconnected oceanic world of the global south (East Africa, the Arab coasts, and South and East Asia) with long-lasting connections made possible by sea travel in the Indian Ocean. The passage states that the global south was the first center of globalisation ('Historical and archaeological evidence suggests that what we now call globalisation first appeared in the Indian Ocean') and that the world of early international trade and commerce was not the sole domain of white Europeans ('Those [commonly found ones] are mostly centered in Europe or the US, assume a background of Christianity and whiteness, and mention places like Paris and New York. The novels in [my] book highlight instead a largely Islamic space..'). So, options A, B and D are true.
Option C is the opposite of what the passage states.