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The author emphasises that language is foundational to human culture and civilisation because it:
• articulates and spreads human values and culture (as noted in option c).
• lays the groundwork for creating cultural artefacts through storytelling and laws (as noted in option d).
• influences political views and fosters emotional ties (as noted in option a).
Option b, however, does not align with the rationale behind the “operating system” metaphor: the author does not suggest that language is the "operating system" of civilisation because it underpins AI tools. Instead, the passage treats AI tools like ChatGPT as leveraging language's existing role in civilization.